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81
Basic Knowledge of Computer / Computer Parts
« Last post by bbasujon on March 12, 2013, 09:34:53 AM »
SN   Item Name   Description   Quantity   Price
01   Processor         
02   Mother Board         
03   HDD         
04   RAM         
05   Casing         
06   Keyboard         
07   Mouse         
08   Power Supply         
09   UPS         
10   Scanner         
11   Monitor         
12   Webcam         
13   Modem         
14   Lane Card         
15   Sound Card         
16   Pen drive         
17   Hub         
18   Switch         
19   Router         
20   Headphone         
21   Capture Card         
22   Bluetooth         
23   DVD Writer         
24   TV Card         
25   Speaker         
26   Graphics Card         
27   Printer         
28   Card reader         
29   Cable         
30            
82
Internet Problem/solutions and Guide / Quickly open your webpage
« Last post by bbasujon on March 04, 2013, 08:50:54 AM »
আমরা যখন কোনো ওয়েবসাইটে প্রথমবার যাই (ভিজিট) তখন সেটির সবকিছু আসতে (লোড হতে) সময় বেশি নেয়। ওয়েবসাইট দেখার সফটওয়্যার (ব্রাউজার) ওই সাইটসম্পর্কিত তথ্য (ডেটা) হার্ডড্রাইভে সংরক্ষণ করে রাখলে পরেরবার সাইটটি খোলার সময় পাতাগুলো দ্রুত চলে আসে। ব্রাউজার ক্যাশিংয়ের কারণে এটি হয়ে থাকে। ক্যাশিংয়ের জন্য হার্ডডিস্ক ড্রাইভের পরিবর্তে যদি র‌্যাম নির্বাচন করে দেওয়া যায় তবে ক্যাশিংয়ের গতি নিশ্চিতভাবে বেড়ে যায়। এতে করে ওয়েবসাইট দেখার কাজটা দ্রুত করা যায়।
মজিলা ফায়ারফক্স ব্রাউজারের ক্ষেত্রে এ কাজটা করতে অ্যাড্রেসবারে about:config লিখে এন্টার করুন। এখানে “I’ll be careful, I promise!” বোতামে ক্লিক করুন। search ঘরে browser.cache লিখে এন্টার করুন। browser.cache.disk.enable খুঁজে বের করে তাতে দুবার ক্লিক করে এর মান false করে দিন। browser.cache.memory.enable-এর মান true করে দিন। এবার যেকোনো জায়গায় ডান ক্লিক করে New থেকে Integer-এ নির্বাচন করুন। এখানে browser.cache.memory.capacity লিখে OK চাপুন। পরের ঘরের ১০০০০ (১০০ মেগাবাইট) লিখে OK চাপুন। আবারও Search-এর ঘরে Pipelining লিখে এন্টার দিন। এবার network.http.pipelining খুঁজে বের করে তাতে দুবার ক্লিক করে এর মান false থেকে true করে দিন। network.http.pipelining.maxrequests-এর মান ৪ থেকে ১০-এর মধ্যে যেকোনো সংখ্যা নির্ধারণ করে দিন। কাজ শেষ হলে ফায়ারফক্স বন্ধ করে আবার চালু করুন। এখন থেকে ওয়েবসাইটের পাতাগুলো আগের চেয়ে আরও দ্রুত আসবে।
—মো. রাকিবুল হাসান -

 See more at: http://www.prothom-alo.com/detail/date/2013-03-04/news/333665#sthash.TkawBYot.dpuf
85
Hardware Problem/Solutions / Hard Drive Data Recovery - What Is It?
« Last post by bbasujon on February 15, 2013, 08:12:16 AM »
Hard drive data recovery is a method used to get back data and information from a corrupt or faulty hard drive. Under normal circumstances, the drive cannot be accessed by the computer and needs specialist tools. The problem with the disk could be physical damage or faults, logical or data corruption or device misconfiguration due to user error that has cause the data to be lost.

Most modern hard disks have moving parts inside (apart from SSD drives). Common physical issues include motors stopping working or jamming of the components. Any physical damage to the hard drive could lead to data loss or corruption. Losses that are caused by logical faults are more common and include issues caused by power outage, computers crashing and continued problems with computer hardware. Any of these things can cause bad data to be written to the hard disk, increasing the possibility of data loss.

An average Joe computer user will not be able to recover information from a hard drive with a physical fault. The internal components of a disc can be degraded by dust if the cover is taken off the drive for any reason. If the issue is a physical fault, the only option you have is to send the disk to a specialist data recovery company who will be able to help. Companies that specialise in this field will have dedicated "clean rooms" where the hard disk can be disassembled and repaired whist maintaining it's integrity.

If the problem is logical, such as a attempting to recover a deleted file, the end user can use many different software tools available to them at little cost (or free). This data recovery software will also help you recover from virus infections, system crashes and accidental configuration changes that end up losing data.

These are most commonly used to un-format a hard disk where someone has accidentally deleted the main system partitions, get back a deleted file, access a non-bootable or unresponsive hard disk or USB memory drive or gain access to files that were created on different operating systems.

The software is also designed to be very non-technical and can be used by the average computer user without any problems. Some of this kind of software also creates automatic backups of your data as you go along, so it's use is invaluable for most people.

Many people do not take data loss seriously. Think about how many digital photos you have on your computer. The components, including the hard drive are not meant to last for ever. Make sure you back up as often as possible to help prevent against data loss.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/5302391
86
Hardware Problem/Solutions / Hard Drive Crash? The Essential Data Recovery Report
« Last post by bbasujon on February 15, 2013, 08:11:18 AM »
Your worst nightmare just became a horrifying reality. You keep hearing that little voice in your head mockingly shout "you should have backed that stuff up" The voice keeps echoing throughout your head as you perform a quick inventory all of the important information that you just lost.....your client database, a years worth of e-mail, your entire inventory database, even your family photos.

Even worse, you've got a deposition in two-weeks and key information needed to help win the case were also lost. You quickly call a service technician and have them come over to check the computer out, only to hear the worst news of all....your data has been lost. When a hard drive crashes, it's too late to worry about what you "should have done."

Today data recovery is a multi-million dollar industry. The number of data recovery firms out there seems to exceed the number of fast food restaurants for the entire planet. These companies specialize in helping their clients retrieve data on anything from hard drives to flash-roms. In the following report, we will discuss what data recovery really is; the different types, the costs, and what you can realistically expect when it comes to getting your data recovered.

What To Do In The Event Of Data Loss?

Around 44% of all data loss is caused by hardware failure. It's important to make sure that you immediately shut your system down if you suspect that hard drive has crashed. Don't even try to go through the shutdown procedure, just pull the plug from the wall. Do not try to run off the shelf data recovery software or drive utilities. Many times these applications will assume the drive is functioning properly and will increase the risk of permanent data loss.

Types Of Hard Drive Failure

When we discuss data recovery in this report, we will primarily focus on issues surrounding hard drive failures; since these types of failures are most common. There are really two primary forms of failure in a hard drive, logical and physical. Logical failures are usually a result of file-system corruption. This can occur due to a virus, accidental deletion of key files or registry components, and in some cases even electro-static discharge. In most cases where a logical failure has occurred, the drive is still recognized by the system BIOS, but it will not boot. In most cases, your data should still be intact on the drive, even though it may appear to be inaccessible.

If the system BIOS does not detect the presence of the hard drive, then chances are a physical failure has occurred. Physical failures can result from a wide variety of causes. There are really two sub-categories for physical hard drive failures; mechanical and electronic. Mechanical failures usually result from a failure of the spindle motor. Spindle motor failure can result from excessive heat due to a bearing failure. The increased heat resulting from the bearing failure will expand the drive shaft and therefore seize the spindle motor. Suddenly, your drive will become inoperative. Occasionally, you will get a warning that something bad is about to happen. You may hear a loud whining, a grinding noise, even high-pitched screeches. If anything like this starts to occur, BACK UP YOUR DATA IMMEDIATELY.

Another physical issue that sometimes rears its ugly head is an electronic failure. If you look at a hard drive you will notice a circuit board on the bottom. This board is basically the brains of the drive, and it is where the computer interfaces to the hard drive. An electrical failure can occur unexpectedly at any time. Even brand new hard drives are not totally immune to having electrical failures. Sometimes it's just a faulty component, sometimes it's improper installation (i.e. electro-static discharge, grounding out the board, damaging circuitry during installation). It's important to also keep your system clean and well ventilated, since excessive heat can damage the electrical components on the drive. If you have a system that is in a somewhat contained area, you may look at adding an additional 80mm fan to cool the internal components of the system, especially the hard drive. No other component of a computer works as much as the hard drive, and therefore it is vitally important not to overlook it when cooling issues arise.

How Is My Data Recovered?

One of the most often asked questions that customers ask is, "how do you get my data back?" Well, it's really not black magic or rocket science. It's just a matter of having the right tools and the knowledge necessary to know what to do, much like a surgeon performing heart by-pass surgery. Many prominent data recovery facilities have a large array of hardware, software and tools for recovering data.

Generally speaking when a hard drive is received by a data recovery firm, the first thing they do is evaluate it, and determine what recovery solution will be necessary. If the drive failure is a logical issue as mentioned earlier, then a scan of the drive will be performed to try and repair the file system corruption. Sometimes a partition can be repaired and the drive restored to the status that it was before the failure. If this is not possible, then a very low-level scan will be performed that essentially searches every sector of the hard drive for files. Once the files are located, they can then be copied to the media of choice, i.e. a CD-ROM, DVD-ROM or another hard drive. Logical recoveries can take up an enormous amount of time, especially if the drive is on the verge of physical failure. It's not uncommon to

allow for one day of scanning and a day for recovering the found files.

If the drive has suffered a physical failure, then the recovery procedure is quite a bit more challenging. As mentioned above, there are really two sub-categories of physical failure; mechanical and electronic. An important element in recovering data from a physical failure is having the necessary parts to get the drive functioning again. Unfortunately with hard drives if you have a 20GB Maxtor Hard Drive for example, then you will need another identical 20GB Maxtor Hard Drive for salvaging parts. In cases where the electronic circuit board has failed on the hard drive, then you have to have the exact same circuit board on hand in order to retrieve the necessary circuit components for replacement. Many times you cannot even exchange circuit board for circuit board. These repairs generally require soldering skills and a thorough knowledge of electronics to be successfully completed. You will most likely hear "Class100 Clean Room" thrown around a lot when talking to data recovery professionals. Simply stated, a Class100 Clean Room maintains exceptional air purity, and contains less than 100 airborne particles larger than 0.5 microns in each cubic foot of air. This is vital in protecting sensitive internal components of hard drives. Anytime a hard drive is having an invasive procedure performed on it, a Class100 clean room or better is needed.

The time frame for recovery is generally 5-10 business days for physical issues and 2-4 days for logical issues. Sometimes if components are not readily available, then it may take weeks to complete the recovery. Some firms offer expedite service and you definitely pay for this added attention.

What About Data Recovery Software

This is one area where you really do get what you pay for. Try to stay away from software in the $20-$60 range, since these utilities are generally very limited in what they can do. Also make sure that you NEVER and just to emphasize, NEVER EVER get data recovery software that writes anything at all to the damaged disk. You run the risk of overwriting data that may otherwise have been recoverable, but will be lost forever. If you are fairly computer savvy, then there are a few good data recovery software solutions available.

What To Look For When Shopping For Data Recovery

There's an old saying, "you get what you pay for." In most cases this is true. However, just because a company with a fancy website quotes you $3,500 for data recovery, does not mean that they are any better than a company that quotes you $1,500. Also, try to stay away from companies that want to charge $50-$300 for evaluating your drive. There has been a movement in the data recovery industry over the last couple of years to offer a number of free services. Most reputable data recovery companies will evaluate standard IDE drives free of charge; so don't let the word "free" this or "free" that stop you. The data recovery market is quickly becoming saturated, and a company does not necessarily cheapen itself or lack expertise by offering free evaluations.

You will find as you shop around for data recovery that prices vary greatly. You will get quotes that range from $300 to $5,000 for standard hard drive recoveries. It's not uncommon to literally get quotes that have at least a $1,500 high/low spread. We shopped one prominent data recovery company where we gave them specific indicators of a physical hard drive failure. We were eventually quoted a price range of $600 to $2,900 for the recovery. Many times this is a bait and switch type tactic. They get you to send in the drive with the low-end $600 price, then they let you know it's going to cost $2,100 for the recovery. You end up being well under the $2,900 high-end price, but well over what other reputable companies would charge. Since most customers won't go through the pain of having the drive sent back, only to have to send it out to another company, these bait and switch companies end up making huge profits off of unsuspecting customers.

Try to find a company that will give you an up front cost for either a logical or physical recovery. Most companies will be able to tell you within a couple hundred dollars the cost of a recovery. However, don't misunderstand a company that gives you a price for two different procedures. For example, some companies will give you a price if the failure is logical and a price if the problem ends up being physical. We called one firm and were told that if the drive had a logical failure the price would be $400 and if it ended up being a physical issue the price would be $1,600. This is not a high/low spread as mentioned in the earlier example, this is simply quoting a price for two different types of recoveries.

On average you can expect to pay anywhere from $400 to $600 for logical recoveries, and $1,200 to $2,000 for physical recoveries on standard IDE hard drives. If you have RAID drives, SCSI, etc. depending on the configuration prices can be as high as $15,000. Remember, backup backup backup backup backup!!

Can My Data Be Recovered?

In most cases the answer to this question is yes. On average, the success rate for data recovery professionals is about 75-85%. However, there are times when the data is just lost, either due to extensive damage to the platter or unavailability of replacement parts.

How Do I Get Started?

If you have a hard drive that has crashed, the most important thing you can do is contact a data recovery professional immediately. Make sure you aren't being charged an evaluation fee if you have a standard IDE hard drive. Most companies only charge evaluation fees for complex RAID and network server drives.

It is important to do your homework, call and talk with the companies. When you find one that you feel comfortable with, give them a chance. Your hardest job, may be finding data recovery firms that actually have someone available to answer the phones. Ask questions and be sure to have the following information available:

Size of the drive

Operating system (i.e. Windows 98, Windows XP, etc.)

Situation of failure (what happened just before the drive stopped working)

Is the drive recognized by the computer or not

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/7377

87
Hardware Problem/Solutions / Top Problems That Could Crash Your Computer
« Last post by bbasujon on February 15, 2013, 08:10:10 AM »
There are several problems that could crash your computer. Most of these problems are caused by application incompatibility or incorrect system settings. In some cases, the crashes are caused by physical defects in your computer. Understanding the common reasons of a computer crash will help you to prevent it from happening in the future.

Conflicting Hardware

Hardware conflicts could instantly send your computer into tumble mode. If there are lots of devices connected to your CPU, then some may conflict when you activate them simultaneously. Remember that your hardware shares the resources of your machine and the operating system. If there is a conflict, your operating system may not be able to handle them thus forcing your computer to crash in order to recover.

Defective RAM and Hard Disk

Bad RAM and faulty hard drive are two of the most common causes of computer crashes. The RAM or memory card enables your computer to read and process data. If it suffers from hiccups or if there are physical defects on your RAM, then your system will be severely handicapped which could crash your computer. Ideally, the RAM has an optimum lifespan of two years. You need to replace it regularly with a new one to avoid system crashes.

Disk drive malfunction is a very dangerous problem. A faulty hard drive will not only cause computer crashes but you can also lose data if your system will not be able to recover. The common cause of hard drive problem is corrupted file system. You can reformat the hard drive to fix the problem. A physical damage is more difficult to solve. You may have to replace your hard disk just to prevent crashes and data loss.

Other Common Causes of Computer Crashes

If your computer is infected with malware, then there is good chance that you will experience frequent crashes. There are flavors of malware that can consume 100 percent of your computer's resources. This will result to system hang, freezes, and eventual crashes. A crash can also happen due to overheating CPU. You can prevent this by installing additional system fans to keep your CPU cooler.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/3708006
88
Hardware Problem/Solutions / Computer Crashes? - Ideas to Fix a Computer Crash
« Last post by bbasujon on February 15, 2013, 08:09:12 AM »
1. Computer Crashing caused by Hardware

*Poor Heat Dissipation* Monitor, Power and CPU will emit plenty of heat when in operation.If the generated heat is not dissipated in time, the normal operation will be adversely affected, which may result in decrease of operation speed or life expectancy. A common solution is to dispose a heat sink and a fan corresponding to a heat source. Computer will probably freezes because of the poor heat dissipation. If you use a laptop with a low quality cpu fan, you can purchase a USB fan to cool down the CPU temperature. Your computer will run more smoothly than before.

*PC is moved inappropriately" If your computer is moved to another place incautiously, some components in it would slap because of the violent vibration and results in the crashing. Therefore, I suggest you handle your PC with care.

*Dust Killer* Guess what? Too much dust in your computer will also cause computer crashing. Don't be lazy:) Cleaning the dust regularly is another effective maintenance method to avoid PC freeze.

*Unmatch Device* If the Motherboard frequency does not match with frequency of CPU, the computer would fail to keep running smoothly but just crashes continually.

*Incompatibility between hard/software* Some 3D Application Software and special software would probably have conflicts with the hardware of some computers.

*Memory Malfunction* Loose or low quality memory would cause computer crashing frequently. You need to check the memory and plug it into the mainboard again. If there is something wrong with the RAM, please try to clean the gold finger.

*Hard Drive Malfunction* Computer Crashing also could be caused by the aging of PC hard drive or the bad track of the HD. I advice you download or purchase some HD diagnose tools to detect and fix HD problems. If the hard drive is damaged seriously then you have to get a new one to replace it.

*CPU Overclocking* Overclocking of course will improve the CPU working frequency but meanwhile it also will bring unsteadiness to the computer. So get your CPU to the normal frequency right now.

*Conflicts from HD Resources* To remove the potential conflicts among PC devices, you can enter the "safe mode" and adjust some settings in the "Controle Panel"---"System"--"Devices Manage". To fix some errors caused by driver program, you can modify the registry with this instruction: Click "Start" menu---"Run"--Type in "regedit" and find out the relevant registry keys. Delete them. If you feel hard to do this, it is highly recommended that you download registry cleaning software to fix the invalid and wrong registry entries/keys on your computer to reduce the probability of computer crashing.

*Shortage of Memory* If you try to run some large applications on the computer with poor memory, it is no doubt that probability of crashing would be increased.

2. Computer Crashing caused by Software

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/3252787

Virus Infections* Virus,Trojan,Worms,Spyware,Malware, etc will absolutely affect computer performance and cause computer crashing frequently. To install a kind of anti-virus software on your computer is very necessary as a PC user.

*Improper Setting of CMOS* CMOS, short for Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor, is a low-power, low-heat semiconductor technology used in contemporary microchips, especially useful for battery-powered devices. So make sure the settings of it are correct.

*Delete System Files Accidently*

If you delete some system files that the operating system could not work properly. Of course there comes the computer crashing. To fix this problem, you can insert the installation boot diskette with the same version of operating system then type in "SYSC" and transfer the whole system files again. Problem would be resolved very quickly. Or you can download Registry Easy and use the "files recoveryer" function to get those system files back!

*Broken Initialization files* Some initialization files such as System.ini, Win.ini, User.dat, System.dat are vital to Windows Startup.If those files were broken or get something wrong, computer will fail to start and also will freeze even crash!

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/3252787
89
Hardware Problem/Solutions / Top 6 PC Hardware Problems and Quick Solutions
« Last post by bbasujon on February 15, 2013, 08:08:05 AM »
Like all machines with moving parts, your computer's hardware can breakdown. Computer hardware problems are a common occurrence for new and old PCs. However, some of the computer hardware problems can be eliminated with just a few clicks or tweaks. Here are the top six PC hardware problems and easy solutions to fix them.

PC wont recognize my USB camera

This is one of the most common PC hardware problems. First check the camera menu to ensure that the USB Mode is configured. It's usually called USB storage. Before plugging in the camera, turn it on. This action can usually solve your problem.

Strange Monitor Colors.

First check your monitor's VGA cable to make sure it is firmly secured to your PC's video card base. If it's a screw type, check to make sure the pins and screws are aligned properly. Also try removing the VGA cable while your PC is off and reconnecting it. After it's properly fitted, turn your PC back on.

Jumpy Mouse

One of the most common PC hardware problems is a jumpy mouse. In essence, a jumpy mouse is a dirty mouse. If you have a track and ball mouse, simply turn it over and open the ball container, blow out the excess debris and lint. Also, clean off the dirt that lines the rollers. For an optical mouse, eliminate the dust that has collected around the optical sensor.

Weak Laptop Battery.

All batteries have a life cycle. And if you've had your laptop for a while, its more than likely that you are in need of a new battery. However, you might try using different power options to squeeze a bit more life out of your battery. Double click the battery icon in the lower right corner, choose the power saver plan from the three default choices. The defined power plans can be further edited to optimize your laptop battery life by clicking the "Change Plan Settings" option located under your plan title. This allows you to further manage your laptop power usage while on battery and plugged in.

Computer Freeze

Heat can be a major culprit and cause all kind of PC hardware problems. The number one problem it causes is your computer to freeze or lockup. Your computer temperature is controlled by the internal fan. Removing the dust from around the fan can work wonders. This is highly recommended before you decide to buy a new fan or heat sink. If hardware is not the problem, try tweaking your system to cut down on the hard drive and CPU work. For ways to cut down on high CPU usage, check out Cause of High CPU Usage

PC is noisy

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/6097563
90
heck Your Hosts File

Windows can use the hosts file to set IP addresses to particular domains.  This means though that it can be used to redirect or effectively cut off your Internet access.

When I need to troubleshoot an Internet connection, this is usually the first place I look.

To view the file in Windows XP, just open up Notepad and go to File->Open.  Then, navigate to your C drive, then to the “Windows” Folder, then “System32” folder, then “drivers” folder, then “etc” folder and finally, open the file named “hosts“.

You may have to change where it says “Text Documents” to “All Files” to see the hosts file.

network connection problems





It should only have the heading stuff and maybe the line designating the localhost.  Anything else should be deleted.

The instructions are the same for Vista and Windows 7, only instead of just opening Notepad, you have to right click the Notepad icon and choose to “Run as administrator” to edit the file.
Check Your TCP/IP Settings

Another issue may be that your TCP/IP settings were altered in some way.

For XP, got to Control Panel and then Network Connections.

In Windows Vista/7, go to the Control Panel and then the Network and Sharing Center.  In 7, click on “change adapter settings.”ť  In Vista, click on “manage network connections“.

In all versions of Windows, after you get to the places designated above, right click the device giving you trouble, either the Wireless card or Ethernet card.  Then select “Properties.”



something looking like the following window should pop up.



Click on Internet Protocol Version 6 and then hit “Properties“.  You should see something like the following.



If either the IP or DNS server address are not set to automatic, set them to be automatic.

Repeat this for Internet Protocol Version 4.
Reset Your TCP/IP Manually

Sometimes, you may just need to reset your TCP/IP.  This can easily be done at the command line in Windows.

For Windows XP, go to Start->Run.  Type “cmd” and press enter.  A command window should pop up.  Then type “netsh int ip reset c:\resetlog.txt” and press enter.  You will then have to restart your computer.



For Windows Vista/7, you have to run the Command Prompt as an administrator.  To do that, just type “cmd” in your start menu’s search bar.  Right click the “cmd” icon that should come up and select “Run as administrator.”  Then type the same as indicated above, press enter, and restart.
Reset Your Winsock Manually

Winsock, short for Windows Socket API, is how Windows handles network services.  A reset of this may fix a network problem.

Resetting your Winsock is similar to resetting TCP/IP.  Open a Command Prompt as laid out above for your version of Windows and type “netsh winsock reset“.  Then press enter and restart your computer.



Sometimes even these steps will not fix a faulty connection.  If that’s the case, you can try googling the exact problem or contacting someone with network experience.

If you know any other quick solutions to fixing network connection problems, please lets us know in the comments below.

http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/4-quick-solutions-windows-network-connection-problems/
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